Daily challenge · 26 September 2026
History
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Question 1
Which civilization built Machu Picchu?
- A The Maya
- B The Inca
- C The Aztec
- D The Olmec
Machu Picchu was built by the Inca in the Andes of present-day Peru.
Question 2
The Rosetta Stone, key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, was found near which Egyptian town?
- A Alexandria
- B Luxor
- C Rashid (Rosetta)
- D Giza
French soldiers found the stone in 1799 near Rashid, known in European languages as Rosetta.
Question 3
Which country declared independence in 1804 after a revolution that began with an uprising of enslaved people?
- A Haiti
- B Brazil
- C Mexico
- D Cuba
Haiti declared independence from France in 1804, following the Haitian Revolution.
Question 4
Which city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire for most of its history?
- A Antioch
- B Constantinople
- C Ravenna
- D Alexandria
Constantinople, founded as the imperial capital by Constantine, remained the Byzantine Empire’s capital for most of its existence.
Question 5
Which 1842 treaty ended the First Opium War between Britain and China?
- A Treaty of Shimonoseki
- B Treaty of Nanjing
- C Treaty of Tianjin
- D Treaty of Portsmouth
The Treaty of Nanjing ended the First Opium War and required China to make several concessions to Britain.
Question 6
The Meiji Restoration, which began in 1868, restored political authority to which Japanese institution?
- A The shogunate
- B The imperial court
- C The merchant guilds
- D The Buddhist monasteries
The Meiji Restoration ended the Tokugawa shogunate’s rule and restored formal authority to the emperor.
Question 7
Which British statesman made the phrase “iron curtain” famous in a 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri?
- A Winston Churchill
- B Clement Attlee
- C Neville Chamberlain
- D Harold Macmillan
Churchill popularized the phrase in his 1946 speech commonly known as the “Iron Curtain” speech, though the expression had been used earlier.
Question 8
The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas divided overseas claims between which two kingdoms?
- A England and France
- B Portugal and Castile (Spain)
- C Venice and Genoa
- D Aragon and France
Portugal and Castile, whose crown was joined with Aragon under the Spanish monarchs, agreed to divide claims to lands outside Europe.
Question 9
Which British officer commanded the troops that fired on a crowd at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in 1919?
- A Reginald Dyer
- B Horatio Kitchener
- C Robert Clive
- D Charles Cornwallis
Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire on the crowd at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919.
Final question
The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 is associated with treaties negotiated in which two cities?
- A Münster and Osnabrück
- B Augsburg and Mainz
- C Cologne and Trier
- D Dresden and Leipzig
The Peace of Westphalia refers chiefly to treaties concluded in Münster and Osnabrück, ending the Thirty Years’ War in the Holy Roman Empire.